Git

清理远端已删除的分支

git fetch -p && for branch in $(git for-each-ref --format '%(refname) %(upstream:track)' refs/heads | awk '$2 == "[gone]" {sub("refs/heads/", "", $1); print $1}'); do git branch -D $branch; done

参考来源：Stack Overflow: Remove tracking branches no longer on remote

利用 SSH 配置 Git 服务器

# verify git2 user not exist
id -u git2

# create git2 user without shell access
sudo useradd --create-home --home-dir /srv/git2 --shell /usr/bin/git-shell git2

# disable ubuntu ssh login banner
sudo -u git2 touch /srv/git2/.hushlogin

# add authorized_keys
sudo -u git2 mkdir -p /srv/git2/.ssh && sudo chmod 700 /srv/git2/.ssh
echo 'no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIOFGA4//HlSP1bD2x1aMigIrW7qdWOATG7Ou7rzZgVC0 zhuchangbao1998@gmail.com' | sudo -u git2 tee /srv/git2/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo chmod 600 /srv/git2/.ssh/authorized_keys

# create git repository
sudo -u git2 git init --bare /srv/git2/myproject.git

假设服务器访问域名为 example.com，则本地执行 git clone git2@example.com:myproject.git 即可拉取代码仓库

参考来源：Pro Git: 4.4 Setting Up the Server

从另一仓库拣选提交

# 将远端仓库或本地仓库添加为 remote
git remote add next git@github.com:whoisnian/snippets.git
git remote add next ~/Git/snippets

# 从 remote 查找 commit id 并拣选提交
git fetch next c6f4fe7ab6434fdc9ce16b833ae0e09804589b6a
git cherry-pick c6f4fe7ab6434fdc9ce16b833ae0e09804589b6a

# 清理 remote
git remote rm next

创建镜像仓库

git clone --mirror https://github.com/whoisnian/snippets.git

cd snippets
git remote set-url --push origin git@example.com:whoisnian/snippets.git

git fetch -p origin
git push --mirror

参考来源：GitHub Docs: Duplicating a repository

拉取所有远端分支

for remote in $(git branch -r | grep -v -- '->'); do
  git branch --track "${remote#origin/}" "$remote"
done
git fetch --all
git pull --all

参考来源：Stack Overflow: How do I fetch all Git branches?

应用代码补丁

# 常规 diff 生成补丁并应用
git diff > changes.patch
git apply changes.patch

# 推荐使用 format-patch 和 am 保留提交信息
git format-patch --stdout first_commit^..last_commit > changes.patch
git am -3 < changes.patch

# 仅从最后一次提交生成补丁
git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ > changes.patch

批量更新子目录下的仓库

for dir in */; do
  if [[ -d "$dir/.git" ]]; then
    current=$(git --git-dir="$dir/.git" --work-tree="$dir" rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
    echo "start $current at $dir"
    git --git-dir="$dir/.git" --work-tree="$dir" fetch --quiet
    git --git-dir="$dir/.git" --work-tree="$dir" merge --quiet --ff-only @{upstream}
  else
    echo "skip  $dir"
  fi
done

常用脚本变量

current_branch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
default_branch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref origin/HEAD)
test -z "$(git status --porcelain)";is_clean=$?